The effect of economic status on nutritional choices in Taraba State
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Background of the Study
Economic status plays a significant role in influencing the nutritional choices of individuals, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. In Taraba State, located in the northeastern region of Nigeria, the level of economic development varies, with both rural and urban areas experiencing different levels of access to nutritious food options. Economic factors such as household income, employment status, and socio-economic class influence dietary habits, food affordability, and access to essential nutrients. Poor economic status has been linked to limited access to nutritious foods, resulting in poor dietary practices, malnutrition, and increased susceptibility to diet-related diseases (Ajayi et al., 2023).
In many parts of Taraba State, the majority of the population lives in rural areas, where access to a diverse range of foods may be limited due to infrastructural challenges, low income, and a reliance on subsistence farming. These areas often experience food insecurity, which leads to the consumption of cheaper, calorie-dense foods that lack essential nutrients (Ogbonna & Dike, 2024). On the other hand, urban areas in the state may have better access to markets and higher income levels, but dietary patterns may still be influenced by affordability, cultural preferences, and the availability of processed foods.
Research has shown that individuals with higher economic status tend to make healthier nutritional choices, such as consuming more fruits, vegetables, and animal-based products, while those from lower socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to rely on low-cost, high-calorie, and less nutritious foods (Sani et al., 2023). This study aims to explore the effect of economic status on nutritional choices in Taraba State, with a focus on understanding how income levels and socio-economic factors shape dietary decisions and contribute to the overall health and nutrition outcomes in the population.
Statement of the Problem
In Taraba State, economic status is a significant determinant of nutritional choices, with individuals from lower economic backgrounds often unable to afford diverse and nutritious food options. This has led to widespread concerns about malnutrition, obesity, and diet-related health issues among different segments of the population. While there is a growing body of evidence on the relationship between economic status and nutrition, specific studies on this topic in Taraba State are limited. Understanding how economic status influences nutritional choices is critical to addressing food insecurity and improving public health outcomes in the state.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the impact of economic status on nutritional choices among individuals in Taraba State.
2. To identify the socio-economic factors influencing dietary habits and food choices in Taraba State.
3. To recommend strategies for improving nutritional choices through economic interventions in Taraba State.
Research Questions
1. How does economic status affect the nutritional choices of individuals in Taraba State?
2. What socio-economic factors influence dietary habits and food choices in Taraba State?
3. What strategies can be implemented to improve nutritional choices in Taraba State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Individuals with higher economic status are more likely to make healthier nutritional choices compared to those with lower economic status in Taraba State.
2. Socio-economic factors such as income, education, and employment status significantly influence dietary habits in Taraba State.
3. Economic interventions aimed at improving household income will lead to better nutritional choices in Taraba State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on the relationship between economic status and nutritional choices in both urban and rural areas of Taraba State. Data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions to assess dietary patterns, food accessibility, and economic status. Limitations may include challenges in accurately assessing income levels, regional differences in food availability, and the potential influence of cultural factors on food choices.
Definitions of Terms
• Economic Status: A measure of an individual's or household’s financial situation, often determined by income, employment, education, and occupation.
• Nutritional Choices: The types of foods and dietary patterns selected by individuals or households, influenced by factors such as availability, affordability, and personal preferences.
• Food Insecurity: A situation in which individuals or households lack reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
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